如何在windows10的子系统（wsl）中安装php开发环境

记录一下今天的安装过程

1.安装WSL

WSL(Windows Subsystem for Linux) 是Win10下面的linux子系统，与Win10共享端口，网络，文件和进程列表。现在已经到第二版，wsl2版本基于虚拟机的。目前win10系统默认的还是wsl1。

打开控制面板->程序与功能->启用或关闭Windows功能。
选择适用于Linux的Windows子系统
打开win10应用商店搜索linux
选择 Ubuntu 18.04LTS 进行安装
安装完成后启动程序，输入账号密码，密码输入两遍。
等待wsl安装完毕

2. 安装nmp(nginx、php、mysql)

1 .原文件备份
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
2. 编辑源列表文件
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
3. 替换原来的内容为下面的
Ubuntu 20.04 国内源(清华)

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

22.04.2阿里源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

保存，执行命令

cd ~
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

等待升级完成后，开始安装nginx

sudo apt install nginx
安装完成后测试运行
sudo service nginx start
在浏览器中输入http://127.0.0.1
没有问题的话，会出现

Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.

For online documentation and support please refer to [nginx.org](http://nginx.org/).

 Commercial support is available at [nginx.com](http://nginx.com/).
Thank you for using nginx.

安装mysql8

sudo apt install mysql-server
sudo usermod -d /var/lib/mysql/ mysql
sudo service mysql start
sudo mysql_secure_installation

设置mysql root密码

前面几步随意输入，修改一下mysql root的密码
先在直接输入mysql进入mysql中(最好切换到root环境变量中)
输入命令：SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
查看validate_password.length相关的项
执行命令：set global validate_password.length=6;
再执行：set global validate_password.policy=LOW;
再执行命令：ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password by '111111'; 修改root密码为111111
配置文件：/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

安装mysql5.7

下载apt仓库的安装包，Ubuntu的安装包是.deb文件

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.12-1_all.deb
#安装
dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.12-1_all.deb

弹出框中选择：ubuntu bionic （Ubuntu18.04系统的代号是bionic，选择18.04的版本库用来安装）

弹出框中选择：MySQL Server & Cluster

弹出框中选择：mysql-5.7

最后选择：ok

更新apt仓库的信息

首先导入仓库的密钥信息

apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 467B942D3A79BD29

更新仓库信息

apt update

检查是否成功配置MySQL5.7的仓库

apt-cache policy mysql-server

看到如图所示字样，即成功

安装MySQL5.7

使用apt安装mysql客户端和mysql服务端

apt install -f -y mysql-client=5.7* mysql-community-server=5.7*

弹出框中输入root密码并选择ok，密码任意，这里以123456代替

启动MySQL

/etc/init.d/mysql start # 启动
/etc/init.d/mysql stop # 停止

/etc/init.d/mysql status # 查看状态

对MySQL进行初始化
执行如下命令，此命令是MySQL安装后自带的配置程序

mysql_secure_installation
可以通过which命令查看到这个自带程序所在的位置

which mysql_secure_installation

/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

输入密码：

是否开启密码验证插件，如果需要增强密码安全性，输入y并回车，不需要直接回车（这里选择直接回车）

是否更改root密码，需要输入y回车，不需要直接回车（这里不更改)

是否移除匿名用户，移除输入y回车，不移除直接回车（这里选择移除）

是否进制root用户远程登录，禁止输入y回车，不禁止直接回车（这里选择不禁止）

是否移除自带的测试数据库，移除输入y回车，不移除直接回车（这里选择不移除）

完事儿

安装php7.2

删除php的相关包及配置
sudo apt-get autoremove php*
删除关联 sudo find /etc -name "*php*" |xargs rm -rf

清除dept列表

sudo apt purge `dpkg -l | grep php| awk '{print $2}' |tr "\n" " "`

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php7.2 php7.2-fpm php7.2-mysql php7.2-curl php7.2-json php7.2-mbstring php7.2-xml php7.2-bcmath
sudo service php7.2-fpm start

安装composer

sudo apt install zip unzip php7.2-zip
sudo apt install composer

OK，nmp环境安装完成

下面开始设置开机启动
vim ~/.bashrc
找个合适的地方加入

# Start Nginx, PHP 7.2 and MySQL on boot
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
sudo /etc/init.d/php7.2-fpm start
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start

sudo visudo
在最下面加入

# Programs that will start automatically
%sudo   ALL=NOPASSWD: /etc/init.d/nginx
%sudo   ALL=NOPASSWD: /etc/init.d/php7.2-fpm
%sudo   ALL=NOPASSWD: /etc/init.d/mysql

ctrl+o保存
执行完“Ctrl+O”后，会输出”File Name to Write sudoers.tmp”，在tmp后执行 敲回车
执行“Ctrl+X”退出

好，下面开始网站配置

设置权限

sudo chown -R <your_username>:www-data /home/<your_username>/example
sudo chmod -R 777 /home/<your_username>/example

配置一下windows的hosts(C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts)

127.0.0.1 example.local

为nginx配置虚拟主机

sudo cp /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.local
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.local

example.local的内容为

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.local;
    root /home/<your_username>/example/public;

    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";

    index index.html index.htm index.php;

    charset utf-8;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location = /robots.txt  { access_log off; log_not_found off; }

    error_page 404 /index.php;

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }

    location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* {
        deny all;
    }
}

保存
建立软连，这是必须的，不然会报403
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.local /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/example.local
重启nginx

注意：WSL下使用sock文件的方式访问会一直超时，需要在 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 的 http block 中加入 fastcgi_buffering off;，原因不明，也是WSL的问题，在WSL的github中有issue提到过这个解决方案

sudo nginx -t
sudo service nginx restart

在浏览器中打开
http://example.local
大功告成?

安装imageMagick

1. sudo  apt-get install imagemagick
2. sudo apt-get install php7.2-imagick

好，到这里，安装的步骤基本完成了，但是我们为了方便管理，我设置了几个命令来重启nginx\php-fpm\mysql

sudo vim ~/.bashrc
# 找到合适的地方写入
function nmp_start(){
    echo "==========================="
    sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
    echo "==========================="
    echo -e "\033[32m nginx started \033[0m"
    sudo /etc/init.d/php7.2-fpm start
    echo "==========================="
    echo -e "\033[32m php-fpm7.2 started \033[0m"
    echo "==========================="
    sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start
    echo -e "\033[32m mysql started \033[0m"
    echo "==========================="
    sudo service redis-server start
    echo -e "\033[32m redis started \033[0m"
    echo "==========================="
}
function nmp_stop(){
    echo "==========================="
    sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
    echo "==========================="
    echo -e "\033[32m nginx stopped \033[0m"
    sudo /etc/init.d/php7.2-fpm stop
    echo "==========================="
    echo -e "\033[32m php7.2-fpm stopped  \033[0m"
    echo "==========================="
    sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop
    echo -e "\033[32m mysql stopped \033[0m"
    echo "==========================="
    sudo service redis-server stop
    echo -e "\033[32m redis stopped \033[0m"
    echo "==========================="
}
function nmp_restart(){
    echo "==========================="
    sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
    echo "==========================="
    echo -e "\033[32m nginx restarted \033[0m"
    sudo /etc/init.d/php7.2-fpm restart
    echo "==========================="
    echo -e "\033[32m php-fpm7.2 restarted \033[0m"
    echo "==========================="
    sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart
    echo "==========================="
    echo -e "\033[32m mysql restarted \033[0m"
    echo "==========================="
    sudo service redis-server restart
    echo -e "\033[32m redis restarted \033[0m"
    echo "==========================="
}

保存后，执行命令

source ~/.bashrc
npm_start # 开启nginx\php-fpm\mysql
npm_stop # 停止
npm_restart # 重启

安装nodejs

首先uname -a 看一下自己系统的版本
比如我的是x86_64
那么我就会下node官网下载：https://nodejs.org/download/release/v16.13.0/node-v16.13.0-linux-x64.tar.xz

下载完成后执行以下几个命令

tar -xvf  node-v16.13.0-linux-x64.tar.xz
mv  node-v16.13.0-linux-x64  nodejs
sudo ln -s /data/soft/nodejs/bin/npm /usr/local/bin/
sudo ln -s /data/soft/nodejs/bin/node /usr/local/bin/

安装cnpm

npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
sudo ln -s /data/sof/nodejs/bin/cnpm /usr/local/bin
cnpm -v

安装redis-server

sudo apt-get install -y redis-server
配置文件
sudo vim /etc/redis/redis.conf
重启
service redis-server restart

安装php-redis扩展
sudo apt-get install php7.2-redis -y

完事儿