一、系统约定

软件源代码包存放位置:/usr/local/src

源码包编译安装位置(prefix):/usr/local/software_name

脚本以及维护程序存放位置:/usr/local/sbin

MySQL 数据库位置:/var/lib/MySQL(可按情况设置)

Apache 网站根目录:/home/www/wwwroot(可按情况设置)

Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录:/home/www/logs(可按情况设置)

Apache 运行账户:www:www

二、系统环境部署及调整

1、检查系统是否正常

more /var/log/messages(检查有无系统级错误信息)

dmesg(检查硬件设备是否有错误信息)

#cat /proc/cpuinfo (检查CPU频率是否正常)

#top (按1检测CPU核数是否正常,内存大小是否正常)

ifconfig(检查网卡设置是否正确)

ping www.163.com(检查网络是否正常)

2、关闭不需要的服务

ntsysv[/more]

以下仅列出需要启动的服务,未列出的服务一律推荐关闭:

atd

crond

irqbalance

microcode_ctl

network

sendmail

sshd

syslog

关闭SElinux:修改/etc/selinux/config文件中的SELINUX= 为 disabled

3、更换快速源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.old

wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/CentOS-Base.repo.5

mv CentOS-Base.repo.5 CentOS-Base.repo

yum update

4、使用 yum 程序安装所需开发包(以下为标准的 RPM 包名称)

yum -y install ntp make openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel

libpng libpng-devel libjpeg-6b libjpeg-devel-6b freetype freetype-devel
gd gd-devel zlib zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ libXpm libXpm-devel ncurses
ncurses-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel imake
autoconf automake screen sysstat compat-libstdc++-33 curl curl-deve

5、定时校正服务器时钟,定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步

crontab -e

加入一行:

*/30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44 > /dev/null 2>&1

6、下载程序包

请到各程序官方网站下载最新的稳定版本存放到/usr/local/src/目录

Apache 当前稳定版 2.2.15

http://apache.securedservers.com/httpd/

PHP 当前稳定版5.2.13

http://cn.php.net/releases/

Mysql 当前稳定版5.0.86

http://dev.mysql.coml/

Zend 当前稳定版3.3.3

http://downloads.zend.com/

Memcache 当前稳定版2.2.5

http://pecl.php.net/package/memcache/

Memcached 当前稳定版1.4.5

http://memcached.googlecode.com

文中的配置文件和脚本限于篇幅,请到以下地址下载

Apache控制脚本

http://c.sihost.net/jb/httpd

Apache配置文件

http://c.sihost.net/jb/httpd.conf

以上列出的程序最新稳定版下载列表

http://c.sihost.net/lamp_tools.list

在 /usr/local/src目录下执行

wget http://c.sihost.net/lamp_tools.list

wget -i lamp_tools.list

7、创建web运行用户

#groupadd www

#useradd -g www www

#mkdir -p /home/www/wwwroot

#chmod +w /home/www/wwwroot

chown www:www /home/www/wwwroot -R

8、重新启动

init 6

三、编译安装L.A.M.P环境

1、安装MySQL

cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf mysql-5.0.86-linux-i686-icc-glibc23.tar.gz

mv mysql-5.0.86-linux-i686-icc-glibc23 /usr/local/

ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.0.86-linux-i686-icc-glibc23/ /usr/local/mysql

#groupadd mysql

#useradd -g mysql mysql -d /home/mysql -s /sbin/nologin

#chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

#chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.0.86-linux-i686-icc-glibc23/

cd /usr/local/mysql

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

#cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig --add mysqld

chkconfig --level 3 mysqld on

cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf

mv /usr/local/mysql/data /var/lib/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

编辑/etc/my.cnf

在 [mysqld] 段增加

datadir = /var/lib/mysql
skip-innodb
wait-timeout = 10
max_connections = 512
max_connect_errors = 10000000
在 [mysqld] 段修改

max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_cache_size = CPU个数*2
将 log-bin 注释

service mysqld start

bin/mysqladmin -u root password password

其中引号内的 password 是要设置的 root 密码

2、编译安装Apache

cd /usr/local/src/

tar jxvf httpd-2.2.15.tar.bz2

cd httpd-2.2.15/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-module=rewrite

--disable-access --disable-auth --disable-charset-lite --disable-include
--disable-log-config --disable-env --disable-setenvif --disable-mime
--disable-status --disable-autoindex --disable-asis --disable-cgid
--disable-cgi --disable-negotiation --disable-dir --disable-actions
--disable-userdir --disable-alias --enable-so --enable-mods-shared='
access auth auth_anon auth_dbm auth_digest dav dav_fs actions alias asis
autoindex cache cern_meta cgi charset_lite deflate dir disk_cache env
expires file_cache headers include info log_config logio mime
mime_magic negotiation rewrite setenvif speling status unique_id
userdir usertrack vhost_alias'

make

make install

cd /usr/local/src/

mv /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf.old

cp -f /usr/local/src/httpd.conf /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

cp -f /usr/local/src/httpd /etc/init.d/httpd

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/httpd

chkconfig --add httpd

chkconfig httpd on

3、编辑安装PHP所需的支持库

Libiconv

cd /usr/local/src/

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

cd libiconv-1.13.1/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local

make

make install

cd ..

Libmcrypt

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8

./configure

make

make install

/sbin/ldconfig

cd libltdl/

./configure --enable-ltdl-install

make

make install

cd /usr/local/src/

Mhash

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

cd mhash-0.9.9.9/

./configure

make

make install

cd ..

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la

$ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

$ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

$ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

$ ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

cd mcrypt-2.6.8

/sbin/ldconfig

./configure

make

make install

4、编译安装PHP

cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz

cd php-5.2.13

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php

--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/etc --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp
--with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr --with-png-dir=/usr --enable-magic-quotes
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-pear --enable-sockets --with-ttf
--with-freetype-dir=/usr --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-zlib
--enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --with-libxml-dir=/usr
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local
--with-xmlrpc --enable-xml --enable-shmop --enable-zip --with-mhash
--with-mcrypt --enable-discard-path --enable-bcmath
--enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers
--enable-mbregex --with-openssl

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'

make install

./libtool --finish /usr/local/src/php-5.2.13/libs

cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/etc/php.ini

echo 'ulimit -SHn 65535' >> /etc/rc.local

service httpd start

5、安装PHP扩展模块(Discuz! X1.5 用户选装)

Memcache

cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz

cd memcache-2.2.5/

/usr/local/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

修改php.ini文件,路径/usr/local/etc/

查找:

extension_dir = "./"
修改成:

extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
在此句下面一行

添加:extension = "memcache.so"

查找:

output_buffering = Off
修改成:

output_buffering = On
保存。

Memcached

cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf libevent-1.4.13-stable.tar.gz

cd libevent-1.4.13-stable

./configure --prefix=/usr/lib

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf memcached-1.4.5.tar.gz

cd memcached-1.4.5

./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-libevent=/usr/lib/

make

make install

/usr/local/bin/memcached -d -u www -m 128

-p 监听的TCP端口 (缺省: 11211)

-d 以守护进程方式运行 以守护进程方式运行 Memcached Memcached

-u 运行运行 Memcached的账户 非root用户

-m 最大的内存使用单位是MB 缺省是64MB

-c 软连接数量缺省是1024

-v 输出警告和错误信息

-vv 打印客户端的请求和返回信息

-h 打印帮助信息

-i 打印memcached和libevent的版权信息

6、安装Zend Optimizer

cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz

cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386

./install

Please specify the location for installing

Zend Optimizer:

这里填写Zend的安装路径,按下面写即可

/usr/local/Zend

Confirm the location of your

php.ini file:

这里填写的是php.ini的路径,按下面写即可

/usr/local/etc

Are you using Apache Web server?

这里选YES

Apache的控制组件路径

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl

是否重启Apache,YES,回车

7、查看确认L.A.M.P环境信息、提升 PHP 安全性

保存以下内容为info.php到/home/www/wwwroot/,检查phpinfo中的各项信息是否正确。

确认 PHP 能够正常工作后,编辑/usr/local/etc/php.ini进行设置提升PHP安全性。

找到:

disable_functions =

在等号后添加下面的函数名字

exec,system,passthru,shell_exec,escapeshellarg,escapeshellcmd,proc_close,proc_open,dl,popen,show_source
syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
四、服务器安全性设置

设置系统防火墙

vi /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh

将以下脚本命令粘贴到 fw.sh 文件中。

#!/bin/bash

Stop iptables service first

service iptables stop

Load FTP Kernel modules

/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp

/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp

Inital chains default policy

/sbin/iptables -F -t filter

/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP

/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT

Enable Native Network Transfer

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

Accept Established Connections

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

ICMP Control

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT

WWW Service

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

FTP Service

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT

SSH Service

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh

echo '/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh' >> /etc/rc.local

/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh